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This work aims to study the chemical composition and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, for the first time, of
essential oil and non-volatile extracts of Artabotrys velutinus against Klebsiella pneumoniae 818E, Escherichia coli ATCC
25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25933, three clinical strains of reference. The chemical analysis of essential oil of
Artabotrys velutinus by GC and GC-MS showed that this oil rich in aromatic components (62.6%) and sesquiterpene
hydrocarbons (29.9%) contains 30 compounds representing 98.9% of the oil. The major components of the essential oil were
benzyl benzoate (61.2%) also called ascabiol with and E-β-caryophyllene (9.1%). The phytochemical screening of leaves
powder of Artabotrys velutinus revealed the presence of saponins, catechin tannins, mucilages, flavonoids, alkaloid,
anthocyanins, leuco-anthocyanins, reducing compounds, sterols and terpenes. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the extracts
by agar diffusion method showed that only the ethanolic extract of the plant was more effective against E. coli with the highest
inhibition zone of 13 mm at 100mg/mL and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration equal to 50 mg/mL. However, the activity of
ethanolic extract of this plant was less active than those of reference antibiotics chloramphenicol and gentamycin which were
very effective against the strains tested. In sum, essential oil of Artabotrys velutinus and its hydroethanolic extract present
weakness antimicrobial activity contrary to its ethanolic extract which possesses moderate activity against clinical strains
tested. This study suggests the used of ethanolic extract of Artabotrys velutinus in combination with others active extracts to
fight against E. coli. |